ABSTRACT
Introduction Vaccination has shown to be protective against severe coronavirus disease 2019 by various studies. However, the vaccine efficacy was demonstrated to be less against the emerging variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Both vaccine- and infection-induced immunity against SARS-CoV-2 may prevent reinfection and severity. Our study aims to assess and compare the humoral response in heterogeneous population based on infection and vaccination status along with hybrid immunity.Methods A retrospective, observational study of 2,545 adults was conducted. The study groups comprised of group I ( n = 309) naive with a single dose of vaccination, group II ( n = 357) infected and unvaccinated, group III ( n = 590) completely vaccinated with two doses of vaccine, group IV ( n = 70) booster dose, group V ( n = 602) with hybrid immunity (pre-vaccination infection), and group VI ( n = 617) with breakthrough infection (post-vaccination infection). Data pertaining to demographic details, clinical presentations, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, anti-SARS-CoV-2 total antibodies immunoglobulin G (IgG), neutralizing antibodies by anti SARS-CoV-2 sVNT (surrogate virus neutralization test), S1/S2IgG, S-RBD (receptor-binding domain), and ChAdOx1-nCov-19 (Covishield) vaccination were retrieved from electronic health records.Results The mean levels of neutralizing antibodies of group V were S1/S2, RBD (10.5/14.3 times), and sVNT (84.44%) and group VI had S1/S2, RBD (11.4/11.8 times), and sVNT (78.07%) when compared to group III. We also observed a statistically significant higher immune response in group V and VI than group I and II. A higher percentage (18.2%) of group II individuals had severe disease when compared to group V and VI (6.5/10.8%).Conclusion A single dose of ChAdOx1 vaccine gives robust antibody responses in previously infected individuals and may confer long-term hybrid immunity following booster vaccination.
ABSTRACT
The new Corona Virus (COVID-19) is a pandemic of unthinkable scope and magnitude that is posing a significant threat to the medical business worldwide in the twenty-first century. To a greater extent, it has fundamentally altered the texture of life. The growing number of people dying as a result of sickness has instilled fear in the minds of many who are hesitant to seek even basic medical help. And, in light of the recent COVID-19 scenario and the growing number of affected people, researchers began to focus on ways to communicate and monitor patient information remotely in order to reduce the risk of getting infected. The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the booming technologies in the medical and industrial fields. Patients could benefit from the proposed device because it can monitor and diagnose their health status. This study describes a gadget that measures and records heart rate, body temperature, and CT imaging. These records will be measured and sent to the cloud server using an Arduino device with sensors. © 2022 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
The primary objective of the study is to find out the student's perception towards online learning during this pandemic situation since the educational platform has taken a sudden shift to a new platform from the traditional classroom learning methods, thus the study focuses on how students have perceived it and to identify the difficulties associated with this transition.